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Wednesday, 31 July 2024

That's particularly true of the institutions entrusted with the education of children. Will we do anything about it? Perhaps the biggest single change that would reduce the toxicity of existing platforms would be user verification as a precondition for gaining the algorithmic amplification that social media offers. "Pizzagate, " QAnon, the belief that vaccines contain microchips, the conviction that Donald Trump won reelection—it's hard to imagine any of these ideas or belief systems reaching the levels that they have without Facebook and Twitter. On the right, the term RINO (Republican in Name Only) was superseded in 2015 by the more contemptuous term cuckservative, popularized on Twitter by Trump supporters. Means of making untraceable social media posts crossword october. The story of Babel is the best metaphor I have found for what happened to America in the 2010s, and for the fractured country we now inhabit. Most Americans in the More in Common report are members of the "exhausted majority, " which is tired of the fighting and is willing to listen to the other side and compromise. That does not mean users would have to post under their real names; they could still use a pseudonym. "Like" and "Share" buttons quickly became standard features of most other platforms. Second, the dart guns of social media give more power and voice to the political extremes while reducing the power and voice of the moderate majority.

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We've been shooting one another ever since. They knew that democracy had an Achilles' heel because it depended on the collective judgment of the people, and democratic communities are subject to "the turbulency and weakness of unruly passions. " The problem is that the left controls the commanding heights of the culture: universities, news organizations, Hollywood, art museums, advertising, much of Silicon Valley, and the teachers' unions and teaching colleges that shape K–12 education. Means of making untraceable social media posts crossword. For instance, the legislative branch was designed to require compromise, yet Congress, social media, and partisan cable news channels have co-evolved such that any legislator who reaches across the aisle may face outrage within hours from the extreme wing of her party, damaging her fundraising prospects and raising her risk of being primaried in the next election cycle. She co-wrote the essay with GPT-3.

This one change would wipe out most of the hundreds of millions of bots and fake accounts that currently pollute the major platforms. What would it be like to live in Babel in the days after its destruction? They confront you with counterevidence and counterargument. This new game encouraged dishonesty and mob dynamics: Users were guided not just by their true preferences but by their past experiences of reward and punishment, and their prediction of how others would react to each new action. For example, university communities that could tolerate a range of speakers as recently as 2010 arguably began to lose that ability in subsequent years, as Gen Z began to arrive on campus. Madison notes that people are so prone to factionalism that "where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and excite their most violent conflicts. One of the major goals was to polarize the American public and spread distrust—to split us apart at the exact weak point that Madison had identified. Across eight studies, Bor and Petersen found that being online did not make most people more aggressive or hostile; rather, it allowed a small number of aggressive people to attack a much larger set of victims. A generation prevented from learning these social skills, Horwitz warned, would habitually appeal to authorities to resolve disputes and would suffer from a "coarsening of social interaction" that would "create a world of more conflict and violence. The ideological distance between the two parties began increasing faster in the 1990s. Means of making untraceable social media posts crosswords. In a 2020 essay titled "The Supply of Disinformation Will Soon Be Infinite, " Renée DiResta, the research manager at the Stanford Internet Observatory, explained that spreading falsehoods—whether through text, images, or deep-fake videos—will quickly become inconceivably easy. Social scientists have identified at least three major forces that collectively bind together successful democracies: social capital (extensive social networks with high levels of trust), strong institutions, and shared stories.

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In this way, early social media can be seen as just another step in the long progression of technological improvements—from the Postal Service through the telephone to email and texting—that helped people achieve the eternal goal of maintaining their social ties. But what is it that holds together large and diverse secular democracies such as the United States and India, or, for that matter, modern Britain and France? Politics After Babel. The group furthest to the left, the "progressive activists, " comprised 8 percent of the population. In their early incarnations, platforms such as Myspace and Facebook were relatively harmless. John Stuart Mill said, "He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that, " and he urged us to seek out conflicting views "from persons who actually believe them. " As a social psychologist who studies emotion, morality, and politics, I saw this happening too. According to the political scientist Karen Stenner, whose work the "Hidden Tribes" study drew upon, they are psychologically different from the larger group of "traditional conservatives" (19 percent of the population), who emphasize order, decorum, and slow rather than radical change. The high point of techno-democratic optimism was arguably 2011, a year that began with the Arab Spring and ended with the global Occupy movement.

In February 2012, as he prepared to take Facebook public, Mark Zuckerberg reflected on those extraordinary times and set forth his plans. In a comment to Vox that recalls the first post-Babel diaspora, he said: The digital revolution has shattered that mirror, and now the public inhabits those broken pieces of glass. By giving them "the power to share, " it would help them to "once again transform many of our core institutions and industries. But back then, in 2018, there was an upper limit to the amount of shit available, because all of it had to be created by a person (other than some low-quality stuff produced by bots). "Today, our society has reached another tipping point, " he wrote in a letter to investors. Social media's empowerment of the far left, the far right, domestic trolls, and foreign agents is creating a system that looks less like democracy and more like rule by the most aggressive. How about Senator Ted Cruz's tweet criticizing Big Bird for tweeting about getting his COVID vaccine? Stop starving children of the experiences they most need to become good citizens: free play in mixed-age groups of children with minimal adult supervision.

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The right has been so committed to minimizing the risks of COVID that it has turned the disease into one that preferentially kills Republicans. Recent academic studies suggest that social media is indeed corrosive to trust in governments, news media, and people and institutions in general. For example, in the first week of protests after the killing of George Floyd, some of which included violence, the progressive policy analyst David Shor, then employed by Civis Analytics, tweeted a link to a study showing that violent protests back in the 1960s led to electoral setbacks for the Democrats in nearby counties. This article appears in the May 2022 print edition with the headline "After Babel. The text does not say that God destroyed the tower, but in many popular renderings of the story he does, so let's hold that dramatic image in our minds: people wandering amid the ruins, unable to communicate, condemned to mutual incomprehension. The mid-20th century was a time of unusually low polarization in Congress, which began reverting back to historical levels in the 1970s and '80s. What changes are needed? Anxiety makes new things seem more threatening. When Tocqueville toured the United States in the 1830s, he was impressed by the American habit of forming voluntary associations to fix local problems, rather than waiting for kings or nobles to act, as Europeans would do. Which side is going to become conciliatory? Research shows that antisocial behavior becomes more common online when people feel that their identity is unknown and untraceable. It's Going to Get Much Worse.

One of the engineers at Twitter who had worked on the "Retweet" button later revealed that he regretted his contribution because it had made Twitter a nastier place. Attempts to disinvite visiting speakers rose. One example of such a reform is to end closed party primaries, replacing them with a single, nonpartisan, open primary from which the top several candidates advance to a general election that also uses ranked-choice voting. Sexual harassers could have been called out in anonymous blog posts before Twitter, but it's hard to imagine that the #MeToo movement would have been nearly so successful without the viral enhancement that the major platforms offered.

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The Shor case became famous, but anyone on Twitter had already seen dozens of examples teaching the basic lesson: Don't question your own side's beliefs, policies, or actions. Only within the devoted conservatives' narratives do Donald Trump's speeches make sense, from his campaign's ominous opening diatribe about Mexican "rapists" to his warning on January 6, 2021: "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore. Depression makes people less likely to want to engage with new people, ideas, and experiences. The Rise of the Modern Tower. You can see the stupefaction process most clearly when a person on the left merely points to research that questions or contradicts a favored belief among progressive activists. One result is that young people educated in the post-Babel era are less likely to arrive at a coherent story of who we are as a people, and less likely to share any such story with those who attended different schools or who were educated in a different decade. So what happens when an institution is not well maintained and internal disagreement ceases, either because its people have become ideologically uniform or because they have become afraid to dissent?

They allowed users to create pages on which to post photos, family updates, and links to the mostly static pages of their friends and favorite bands. Democracy After Babel. The new omnipresence of enhanced-virality social media meant that a single word uttered by a professor, leader, or journalist, even if spoken with positive intent, could lead to a social-media firestorm, triggering an immediate dismissal or a drawn-out investigation by the institution. Wright showed that history involves a series of transitions, driven by rising population density plus new technologies (writing, roads, the printing press) that created new possibilities for mutually beneficial trade and learning. Platforms like Twitter devolve into the Wild West, with no accountability for vigilantes. Babel is a metaphor for what some forms of social media have done to nearly all of the groups and institutions most important to the country's future—and to us as a people. If you were skillful or lucky, you might create a post that would "go viral" and make you "internet famous" for a few days. But social media made things much worse. Now, however, artificial intelligence is close to enabling the limitless spread of highly believable disinformation.

So the public isn't one thing; it's highly fragmented, and it's basically mutually hostile. But that essay continues on to a less quoted yet equally important insight, about democracy's vulnerability to triviality. Read more of Jonathan Haidt's writing in The Atlantic on social media and society: When you buy a book using a link on this page, we receive a commission. Historically, civilizations have relied on shared blood, gods, and enemies to counteract the tendency to split apart as they grow. Most notably for the story I'm telling here, progressive parents who argued against school closures were frequently savaged on social media and met with the ubiquitous leftist accusations of racism and white supremacy. The members of Gen Z––those born in and after 1997––bear none of the blame for the mess we are in, but they are going to inherit it, and the preliminary signs are that older generations have prevented them from learning how to handle it. 10" on the innate human proclivity toward "faction, " by which he meant our tendency to divide ourselves into teams or parties that are so inflamed with "mutual animosity" that they are "much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to cooperate for their common good. Redesigning democracy for the digital age is far beyond my abilities, but I can suggest three categories of reforms––three goals that must be achieved if democracy is to remain viable in the post-Babel era. Those wars of religion, he argued, made possible the transition to modern nation-states with better-informed citizens. ) Whatever else the effects of these shifts, they have likely impeded the development of abilities needed for effective self-governance for many young adults. The volume of outrage was shocking. As he watched Twitter mobs forming through the use of the new tool, he thought to himself, "We might have just handed a 4-year-old a loaded weapon. People who think differently and are willing to speak up if they disagree with you make you smarter, almost as if they are extensions of your own brain. Blind and irrevocable trust in any particular individual or organization is never warranted.

Congress should update the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, which unwisely set the age of so-called internet adulthood (the age at which companies can collect personal information from children without parental consent) at 13 back in 1998, while making little provision for effective enforcement. Because rates of teen depression and anxiety have continued to rise into the 2020s, we should expect these views to continue in the generations to follow, and indeed to become more severe. The most recent Edelman Trust Barometer (an international measure of citizens' trust in government, business, media, and nongovernmental organizations) showed stable and competent autocracies (China and the United Arab Emirates) at the top of the list, while contentious democracies such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, and South Korea scored near the bottom (albeit above Russia). Banks and other industries have "know your customer" rules so that they can't do business with anonymous clients laundering money from criminal enterprises. The "Hidden Tribes" study, by the pro-democracy group More in Common, surveyed 8, 000 Americans in 2017 and 2018 and identified seven groups that shared beliefs and behaviors. Research by the political scientists Alexander Bor and Michael Bang Petersen found that a small subset of people on social-media platforms are highly concerned with gaining status and are willing to use aggression to do so.

The shift was most pronounced in universities, scholarly associations, creative industries, and political organizations at every level (national, state, and local), and it was so pervasive that it established new behavioral norms backed by new policies seemingly overnight. In any case, the growing evidence that social media is damaging democracy is sufficient to warrant greater oversight by a regulatory body, such as the Federal Communications Commission or the Federal Trade Commission. First, the dart guns of social media give more power to trolls and provocateurs while silencing good citizens.

Bradsell was working at Fred's Club in Soho when he came up with the drink. Cutleaf evergreen blackberry berries are edible and used to make jellies and jams. Brambles (Rubus) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses. White flowers form at the center of leaf clusters, that later turn to bright red berries. Is Bramble A Scottish Word? The modern bramble is a fascinating tangled web of cross-breeding experiments that have resulted in a multitude of raspberry and blackberry cultivars.

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The berries should be a deep, purple-black when picked. Each cane lives only two growing seasons before dying. What is a bramble fruit. The shrub can grow from 3 to 10 feet (1 to 3+ meters) tall. Elsewhere, it is considered an invasive species, though many locals enjoy its raspberry-like fruit. Orange: Whitebeam, sea buckthorn. Ipomoea pes-caprae a prostrate perennial of coastal sand dunes Florida to Texas. Baked goods including breads and muffins and pies.

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Berries are widely used in all manner of dishes. Are brambles and blackberries the same? The "berries": Similar in shape and flavor to raspberries, they can be harvested one by one. It is a low creeping evergreen that spreads over its habitat along rocky outcropping, along water boundaries, an in coastal regions. How Many Calories Are In A Bramble? Molucca bramble leaves are simple with 3-5 lobes, 2–15 cm long, and 3–10 cm wide, and the lower surface tomentose. Rose hips are delicious round or urn shaped, plump and red in color. Species of Brambles. Bramble with edible purple fruit ninja. Best accompanied by sweeter accoutrements. It native to Europe and naturalized in some parts of North America. Bark can also be used in teas. Blackberry-lily garden plant whose capsule discloses when ripe a mass of seeds resembling a blackberry.

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The first berries that ripen are said to be the sweetest and juiciest, whereas smaller berries further up the stalk that ripen later maybe 'seedy'. The bush is characterized by its thorny branches, which are covered in small, blackberry-like fruits. It is a medium shrub growing from 2 to 10 feet (. Some common invasive bramble species include blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and hybrid varieties such as loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus) and boysenberry (Rubus ursinus × R. idaeus). 48a Community spirit. Similar in shape and size to Black Huckleberry. Pick individually or rake of branches. Brambles grow in many different places across the United Kingdom. Bramble with edible purple fruit tree. It grows from 3 to 12 feet (1 to 4 m) tall, with bright green leaves measures from 1/2 to over an inch (10 to 30mm).

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Black bryony common European twining vine with tuberous roots and cordate leaves and red berries. Are wild brambles safe to eat? It is chosen for its white flowers and its upright thornless stems, which can be trained up onto structures or left to ramble. Boston: Elsevier/AP. Brambles have thorns for two main reasons: to protect the plant from being eaten by animals, and to help the plant spread its seeds. Bramble - Ingredients Facts Recipe And Drinking Tips. The leaves are pointed and finely serrated ranging from 1 to 3 (2. Brown: Service tree, wild pear.

Flavor varies greatly based on ripeness, and local conditions. These two cultivars, or a cross of both, are typical of commercially grown raspberries. In fact, "bramble jelly" is what Americans might call "blackberry jam. The plant produces small, aggregate fruit that has a distinct aroma and a sweet-and-sour taste.