2.3 Carbon Compounds Answer Key

Explain the inheritance of the two genes in question based on these results. Therefore, phospholipids are said to have hydrophobic tails, containing the neutral fatty acids, hydrophilic heads, the charged phosphate groups, and nitrogen atom. BUILD VOCABULARY – SIGHT WORDS. Lipids are made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and are generally not soluble in water.

1. Carbon and its compounds question and answers
2. Section 3.4 elements and compounds answer key
3. Carbon compounds worksheet answers
4. 2.3 carbon compounds answer key biology

Carbon And Its Compounds Question And Answers

Geometric isomers, alternatively have similar placements of their covalent bonds but differ in how these bonds are made to the surrounding atoms, especially in carbon-to-carbon double bonds. The Chemistry of Carbon. Carbon and hydrogen groupings are called hydrocarbons. Like a hormone, a prostaglandin is one of a group of signaling molecules, but prostaglandins are derived from unsaturated fatty acids (see Figure 2. 2.3 carbon compounds answer key biology. Triglycerides also fuel long, slow physical activity such as gardening or hiking, and contribute a modest percentage of energy for vigorous physical activity. Proteins are critical components of all body tissues. DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION – BUILD VOCABULARY.

Section 3.4 Elements And Compounds Answer Key

A nucleotide is one of a class of organic compounds composed of three subunits: - one or more phosphate groups. Three forms are important in the body: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. This still holds for the fatty acid portion of a phospholipid compound. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein.

We usually classify functional groups as hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on their charge or polarity characteristics. Cellulose, a polysaccharide that is the primary component of the cell wall of green plants, is the component of plant food referred to as "fiber". While carbohydrates and lipids are composed of hydrocarbons and oxygen, all proteins also contain nitrogen (N), and many contain sulfur (S), in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Just as a fork cannot be used to eat soup and a spoon cannot be used to spear meat, a protein's shape is essential to its function. Carbon atoms can also bond to each other, which gives carbon the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures. Proteins are also components of many of the body's functional chemicals, including digestive enzymes in the digestive tract, antibodies, the neurotransmitters that neurons use to communicate with other cells, and the peptide-based hormones that regulate certain body functions (for instance, growth hormone). Carbon and its compounds question and answers. Some hydrocarbons have both aliphatic and aromatic portions. The hydrocarbons ethane, ethene, and ethyne serve as examples of how different carbon-to-carbon bonds affect the molecule's geometry. So far, the hydrocarbons we have discussed have been aliphatic hydrocarbons, which consist of linear chains of carbon atoms, and sometimes they can form rings with all single bonds, as shown in Figure 2.

Carbon Compounds Worksheet Answers

Sets found in the same folder. The hemoglobin proteins packed into red blood cells are an example (see Figure 2. Enzymes, introduced earlier as protein catalysts, are examples of this. Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. The overall reaction for the conversion of the energy in glucose to energy stored in ATP can be written: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP. 2.3 carbon compound homework answers Flashcards. Cholesterol is an important component of bile acids and compounds that help emulsify dietary fats. Review What are the major elements of life? Carbon atoms in organic compounds readily share electrons with hydrogen and other atoms, usually oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. Alternatively, triglycerides with trans double bonds (popularly called trans fats), have relatively linear fatty acids that are able to pack tightly together at room temperature and form solid fats.

They are packaged into lipoproteins, whose outer protein envelope enables them to transport fats in the bloodstream. In fact, the chemical formula for a "generic" molecule of carbohydrate is (CH2O) n. Carbohydrates are referred to as saccharides, a word meaning "sugars. " Document Information. Errors in the formation of sugar ID molecules have been implicated in some autoimmune disorders. 1. b. Relate Cause and Effect What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to form different large and complex structures? They are reversible, too, as when ADP undergoes phosphorylation. Among the hydrophilic functional groups is the carboxyl group in amino acids, some amino acid side chains, and the fatty acids that form triglycerides and phospholipids. This three-dimensional shape or conformation of the large molecules of life (macromolecules) is critical to how they function. The sugar molecules may also help white blood cells identify infected tissues. Their structural forms include monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides such as lactose, and polysaccharides, including starches (polymers of glucose), glycogen (the storage form of glucose), and fiber. Strands containing fewer than about 100 amino acids are generally referred to as polypeptides rather than proteins. These are glucose, fructose, and galactose, shown in Figure 2. FIGURE 2-12 – CARBON STRUCTURES.

2.3 Carbon Compounds Answer Key Biology

They are ribose and deoxyribose, shown in Figure 2. Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to an organic compound, in this case, resulting in ATP. The secondary structure of proteins further folds into a compact three-dimensional shape, referred to as the protein's tertiary structure (see Figure 2. With an atomic number of 6 (six electrons and six protons), the first two electrons fill the inner shell, leaving four in the second shell. Others form important cellular structures, while still others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease. A nitrogen-containing base: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil. Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid in the body, and are composed of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acid chains. Provide examples of carbohydrates, and identify the primary functions of carbohydrates in the body. Many combinations are possible to fill carbon's four "vacancies. "

Sulfur does not readily participate in hydrogen bonds, whereas all other amino acids do. Finally, like phospholipids, cholesterol molecules are found in the cell membrane, where their hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions help regulate the flow of substances into and out of the cell. Interactive Link Questions. Describe the role of functional groups in biological molecules. Denatured proteins lose their functional shape and are no longer able to carry out their jobs. 2) are important to humans. ASSESS AND REMEDIATE – EVALUATE UNDERSTANDING. They include: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl. Similarly, the D-form of glucose is the main product of photosynthesis and we rarely see the molecule's L-form in nature. These fatty acids have their first double carbon bond at the third hydrocarbon from the methyl group (referred to as the omega end of the molecule). The next section takes a closer look at the action of enzymes.

Besides glucose, monosaccharides include galactose, which is a component of milk, and fructose, which is found in many fruits. Three of these are the hexose sugars, so called because they each contain six atoms of carbon. Report this Document. Hydro-lysis reaction. Nucleotides consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group. All amino acids are identical in the amino and carboxyl groups. In DNA, two such backbones attach at their protruding bases via hydrogen bonds.

Like beads in a long necklace, these monomers link by covalent bonds to form long polymers (poly- = "many"). For this reason, we describe methane as having tetrahedral geometry. CONNECT TO CHEMISTRY – PART 2. Protein shape is critical to its function. ATP is classified as a high energy compound because the two covalent bonds linking its three phosphates store a significant amount of potential energy. We find ring structures in aliphatic hydrocarbons, sometimes with the presence of double bonds, which we can see by comparing cyclohexane's structure (aliphatic) to benzene (aromatic) in Figure 2.

In recent years, researchers have found that carbohydrates have more functions in living things than just providing energy and helping to give organisms structure. This carboxyl group ionizes to release hydrogen ions (H+) from the COOH group resulting in the negatively charged COO- group. Grains, fruits, and legumes and other vegetables provide most of the carbohydrate in the human diet, although lactose is found in dairy products. Once dietary fats are digested and absorbed, why can they not be released directly into the bloodstream? Tertiary structure is the complete, three-dimensional arrangement of a polypeptide chain. More ATP is produced in the presence of oxygen (O2) than in pathways that do not use oxygen. Proteins with more than one chain have a fourth level of structure, which describes the way in which the different polypeptide chains are arranged with respect to each other. Membranes and waterproof coverings. Molecules with other elements in their carbon backbone are substituted hydrocarbons. When the carbons are bound on the same side of the double bond, this is the cis configuration. This characteristic, called specificity, is due to the fact that a substrate with a particular shape and electrical charge can bind only to an active site corresponding to that substrate.