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Tuesday, 30 July 2024
Relate physical exercise to cardiovascular disease risk. As we age, the distribution of red and yellow bone marrow changes as seen in the figure (Figure 6. Some orthopedists sub-specialize in sports medicine, which addresses both simple injuries, such as a sprained ankle, and complex injuries, such as a torn rotator cuff in the shoulder. Muscular system questions and answers pdf. Alpha motor neurons (also called lower motor neurons) innervate skeletal muscle and cause the muscle contractions that generate movement.
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  3. Muscular system questions and answers pdf
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Muscular System Anatomy And Physiology Quiz

Some adverse effects may occur if exercise is extremely intense and the body is not given proper rest between exercise sessions. A. Alpha-gamma coactivation This answer is INCORRECT. While the origin of the word "orthopedics" (ortho- = "straight"; paed- = "child"), literally means "straightening of the child, " orthopedists can have patients who range from pediatric to geriatric. Describe the relationship between muscles, muscle fibres, and fascicles. Muscular system anatomy and physiology quiz. Note that the Ia afferent is not affected, as the muscle length has not changed. Musculoskeletal disorders are injuries that occur in muscles or associated tissues such as tendons because of biomechanical stresses.

During the stretch, the two types differ in their responses. These goals are evaluated and set by high-order areas of the brain. C. Rate code This answer is CORRECT! Isometric contractions do not involve a change in muscle length. The bones and muscles have mass that must be considered when moving a joint, and the muscles themselves have a certain degree of resistance to movement.

Chapter 6 The Muscular System Answer Key Anatomy &Physiology Coloring Book

Other health benefits of physical exercise include improved sleep, better immune system function, and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. If the motor neuron fires after the muscle has returned to baseline, then the magnitude of the next muscle twitch will be the same as the first twitch. Myasthenia gravis is a genetic neuromuscular disorder most often caused by immune system antibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells and the actual loss of acetylcholine receptors. Chapter 6 the muscular system answer key anatomy &physiology coloring book. Without this calcium, the bones are not rigid and cannot be supportive. D. Golgi tendon organs This answer is INCORRECT. The red bone marrow is responsible for forming red and white blood cells as well as platelets. Relate muscle fibre structure to the functional units of muscle fibre consists of a bundle of myofibrils, which are bundles of protein filaments.
Contractions of smooth muscles are not under conscious control. How does a muscle strain occur? People with more slow-twitch fibres may be able to develop greater endurance from aerobic exercise, whereas people with more fast-twitch fibres may be able to develop greater muscle size and strength from anaerobic exercise. In addition to sensory information about the external environment, the motor system also requires sensory information about the current state of the muscles and limbs themselves. If this does not occur, the myosin head cannot attach to the actin filament and the "power stroke" cannot occur.

Muscular System Questions And Answers Pdf

Body Part Muscle Flashcards and use them to practice naming muscles. Although many of the details are not understood, two broad principles appear to be key concepts toward understanding motor control: - Functional Segregation. As the amount of current increases, the membrane potential of the larger motor neuron also increases, until it also reaches firing threshold. Proprioception is the sense of the body's position in space based on specialized receptors that reside in the muscles and tendons.

Sample answer: The connective tissue called epimysium surrounds skeletal muscles and anchors the muscles to tendons. Sample answer: Musculoskeletal disorders are due to biomechanical stresses; typically only affect just one or a few muscles; and are often fully treatable. The higher-order areas can concern themselves with more global tasks regarding action, such as deciding when to act, devising an appropriate sequence of actions, and coordinating the activity of many limbs. They do not have to program the exact force and velocity of individual muscles, or coordinate movements with changes in posture; these low-level tasks are performed by the lower levels of the hierarchy. Recall the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance (Ohm's Law): V = IR. During muscle contraction, the sliding of the actin and myosin filaments pulls the Z discs closer together, shortening the sarcomere. Its symptoms include progressive skeletal muscle weakness due to the death of muscle cells and tissues. White blood cells play a role in the immune system fighting off foreign invaders in our body – without white blood cells you would not be able to recover from infection. Part 1: Muscle Basics. Tendons are bundles of collagen fibres that attach skeletal muscles to bone. Unconscious processing. E. Group IV afferent fibers This answer is INCORRECT. The filaments are arranged in repeating units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional units of skeletal muscles.

Chapter 6 The Muscular System Answer Key

Each muscle contains many muscle spindles; muscles that are necessary for fine movements contain more spindles than muscles that are used for posture or coarse movements. Identify three types of muscle tissue and where each type is found. Sample answer: If the acetylcholine receptors were blocked, muscle contraction would be prevented or at least inhibited. The organ is innervated by primary afferents called Group Ib fibers, which have specialized endings that weave in between the collagen fibers. The motor system is divided into a number of different areas that control different aspects of movement (a "divide and conquer" strategy). They contain protein filaments that slide over one another using energy in ATP. Because the muscle spindle is located in parallel with the extrafusal fibers, it will stretch along with the muscle. Like the nuclear chain fiber, these fibers signal information about the static length of a muscle. Thus, the white meat of a chicken, used to control the wings, is composed primarily of fast-twitch fibers, whereas the dark meat, used to maintain balance and posture, is composed primarily of slow-twitch fibers. The filaments would not slide past each other and therefore muscle contraction would not occur. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red bone marrow. Rather, they are specialized receptors that signal (a) the length and (b) the rate of change of length (velocity) of the muscle. Gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibers, which contract only slightly. In summary, - Muscle spindles signal information about the length and velocity of a muscle.

The spinal cord also contains complex circuitry for such rhythmic behaviors as walking. In general, physical exercise improves physical, mental, and emotional health. Sample answer: The skeletal system and the nervous system. Motor neurons are not merely the conduits of motor commands generated from higher levels of the hierarchy. Lateral curvatures (scoliosis) can be severe enough to slip under the shoulder blade (scapula) forcing it up as a hump.

4 Functional Segregation and Hierarchical Organization. A skeletal muscle contraction is an increase in the tension or a decrease in the length of a skeletal muscle. Muscle atrophy is a decrease in the size of muscle. Current recommendations for physical exercise for adults are 30 minutes a day of moderate exercise. What mechanism may underlie many of the general health benefits of physical exercise? They signal information about the static length of the muscle. This nerve is then unable to adequately stimulate the muscles that it innervates, causing muscle weakness. Alpha-gamma coactivation ensures that muscle spindles maintain sensitivity to stretch over a wide range of muscle lengths. Give three reasons that muscle atrophy may occur. Because motor units are recruited in an orderly fashion, weak inputs onto motor neurons will cause only a few motor units to be active, resulting in a small force exerted by the muscle (Play 1). Skeletal muscle tissue is striated because of the pattern of sarcomeres in its fibres.

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